Dorothy FarrarForearm
The forearm is the lower section of the arm . It starts in the elbow and goes from the wrist to the hand . The radius and ulna are the bones of the forearm. They are connected by ligaments.
Definition
The forearm belongs to the upper extremity. It forms the lower portion of the arm and occupies the area between the elbow and wrist. The elbow joint connects to the upper arm .
The wrist connects the forearm to the hand. There are also joints between the two forearm bones themselves. The fracture of the forearm, especially the fracture of the radius , is the most common fracture of the human body.
Anatomy
The skeleton of the forearm consists of the radius (radius) and ulna (ulna). The radius is a tubular bone that connects to the upper arm bone (humerus) and extends to the carpal bones (ossa carpalia). It can be divided into three sections: Caput radii (head of radius), Collum radii (neck of radius) and Corpus radii (shaft of radius).
The ulna is also an elongated tubular bone. It lies on the medial side of the forearm and runs parallel to the radius. The ulna consists of a rhombus-shaped body (corpus ulnae), each with an end piece (extremitas proximalis et distalis). The proximal end is quite pronounced and forms part of the elbow joint. The distal end piece is smaller and connects to the wrist.
Elle and memory are connected by ligaments. The radial annular ligament and the antebrachial interosseous membrane should be emphasized here.
The musculature of the forearm consists of bending muscles (flexors) and stretching muscles (extensors). The external muscles include, for example, the brachioradialis muscle, the extensor digitorum muscle or the abductor pollicis longus muscle. The musculus flexor carpi radialis, the musculus palmaris longus and the musculus flexor digitorum profundus are assigned to the flexors.
The forearm receives its blood mainly from the brachial artery. This comes from the upper arm and forks in the crook of the arm into the radial artery and the ulnar artery. Three larger veins provide the venous disposal of the forearm.
The Vena cephalica runs on the outer side of the forearm, the Vena basilica on the ulna side in the direction of the upper arm. The middle forearm vein (Vena intermedia antebrachii) runs in the middle. There is a connection between the vena cephalica and the vena basilica directly in the crook of the arm. This middle elbow vein (vena mediana cubiti) is usually punctured when blood is taken.
Function
The forearm is primarily used to transmit power from the shoulder and upper arm to the hand. It is also the starting point for numerous muscles that are not only responsible for the movements of the forearm, but also for the movements of the hand and fingers. The forearm is therefore not only the connection between the upper arm and the hand, but also enables the fingers and the hand to perform fine movements. The rotation of the hand is only possible through the cooperation of the two forearm bones. The forearm is also essential for numerous other movements of the upper arm and hand.
In addition, it directs all blood vessels , lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers to the hand or from the hand to the trunk of the body. Due to the very superficial and therefore clearly visible veins, the forearm is the preferred puncture point for blood sampling or intravenous injections.
Diseases
- Monteggia-Fracture
The hand fracture of the radius is the most common bone fracture in the human body. In most cases, the fracture is due to a fall onto the hand. Older people are mostly affected. But even younger people can break spokes as a result of sports or work accidents.
A Monteggia fracture should always be considered in children with a fracture of the ulna. This is a combination fracture of the forearm. The part of the ulna close to the body breaks and at the same time the head of the spoke is dislocated. The fracture is usually the result of a traffic accident or a fall on the forearm while bending the elbow.
Mouse arm is also a typical symptom of the forearm. In medical jargon, the mouse arm is referred to as repetitive strain injury, or RSI syndrome for short. A mouse arm usually develops gradually and is noticeable by pulling or tingling in the fingers. The pain occurs in particular when the person concerned has worked on the PC for a long time. Later, the pain increases and also occurs at rest.
The mobility of the arms or hands may be restricted. There is a loss of strength in the affected forearm. RSI syndrome is caused by movements that are constantly repeated. This leads to micro-injuries. These cannot heal due to the permanent stress. The result is greater damage, which is expressed in the symptoms described.
Hello and welcome to my Health Guide & Encyclopedia! My name is Dorothy Farrar, and I'm the founder and main author of this platform.
My passion for health and wellness started at a young age when I became interested in the connection between the food we eat and the way we feel. This fascination led me to study nutrition and dietetics in college, where I learned about the importance of a balanced diet and the impact of various nutrients on the body.